[MUSIC] So let's talk a bit about, for example, our learners are going to be learning about software modeling and also the hardware around 3D printing. Technologies are becoming cheaper and there's more widely available, rapid prototyping different platforms and not just 3D printers. How has that impacted the design thinking process? >> I think what is done is actually democratized the process very significantly. It used to be, if you developing designs, whether you were talking to people or you were describing something that you produced which you wanted somebody to invest in or think about making. You needed particular skills. You needed to be able to draw or to model it so that people would understand what the idea was about. Designers or people engaged in design processes need to be good at visualizing. But visualizing only as really as good is the tools you have to make it obvious to other people. You can kind of wave your arms around and you can use words and so on. That will get you some of the way. But beyond a certain point you have to make it more tangible and physical. So a sketch, a model, a prototype, and so on. Those are all ways of doing that. And I think what rapid prototyping has done is actually make that process of making things tangible much quicker and easier generally. And some of those technologies have been used in the professional design world for a long time in 20, 30 years or so. But what's been the major difference in the last five or ten years Is that those processes have got significantly cheaper and significantly easier for people to engage with, whether it's through software, or whether it's through machinery. That gives people access to a set of tools and techniques for making things tangible that they didn't have before. Then at the same time, it also gives them ways of making things which were not available before. It used be that you either made things by hand fairly laboriously or you made things by mass production in which case you invested a lot of money in buying tooling and then maybe all the things that came out of the tooling were quite cheap. But It was a couple of $100,000 before you could actually make one. Rapid prototyping enables you to make one, almost slightly more expensively, than if you're one of 100,000. But to do that easily and to do that being able to incorporate change, and development, and customization, and all those kind of things. I think the proliferation and the reduction in cost of that technology and also the increased accessibility from improve CAD software. That's certainly made an enormous difference to how the professional design world works, but more significantly how people engaged in designing can do things themselves with a different relationship with professionals and democratization of the design process and by association. Democratization also of the product development and the production process. Those are really significant development in the last ten years or so. >> So thank you for taking the time to teach us design thinking. We look forward to learning more with some more examples from you in another video. [MUSIC]