[MUSIC] Patient living in a small country town. She lives with her husband. And they have a district hospital run by a general practitioner who also works in the hospital. She's brought into that hospital by her husband. Incredibly short of breath. She is gray and clammy and really struggling. She can't even get out of the car. So the hospital team get her out of the car, bring her into the hospital, do some basic observations. Her blood pressure is within normal ranges. Her heart rate is very high. She doesn't have a fever, but her oxygen levels are quite low. And so they put some oxygen on and do some immediate basic assessments of the patient. So, the first challenge facing the team out there is that the patient can't speak. So, she's too busy breathing. So, the husband can provide some husband-level information. But this time the husband was so concerned about his loved one that he didn't even bother to pick up the bag of medications. And her wallet's at home as well, so he doesn't have the list of medications. So, the GP who is a locum who turned up a week ago, doesn't know anything about this lady's history. Doesn't know what meds she's on, what's previously been done to her, anything. So, the value of the electronic health record, or the electronic medical record, is that they can go to one of their nearby computers and find out all the care that has being giving to that patient in that facility and possibly beyond. So, they'll usually get very basic information. How many times has she been in the hospital? What was it for? What was the diagnoses of that admission? So, just knowing that she's had a range of admissions that have been for a mixture of chest pain, which is thought to be acute coronary syndrome. But without having had a heart attack in the past, and the fact that she's been in a couple of times for chronic constructive pulmonary disease. And that she's had regular visits to a clinic for management of her diabetes is incredibly valuable information. So, the GP and the nursing staff at the regional center are clearly out of their depth. This lady is very sick, and they're worried about her, and they really don't know the best way forward. So they ring for help at their nearby tertiary referral center. And they get an intensivist on the phone who's able to look at the electronic record of this patient. So they might see the result of angiography reports. They might see the results of previous x-rays and be able to look at those x-rays and make their own interpretation of what was happening. They will see multiple discharge summaries. They might even see information that came from a tertiary hospital transfer that happened in the past. That will see laboratory results that extend back years and can explain the various subtleties of deviation of this patient's three different chronic diseases. If the GP has x-ray capabilities in their site, they'll be able to look at that x-ray within a minute of it being taken of the patient, and be able to support the GP's interpretation of that x-ray. They will see the results of the point-of-care testing. So the GP may have taken some blood and run it through a blood gas machine. And they'll be able to look at those results. And then look at the trend against all the previous results that were taken. They'll be able to see the interpretations of this patient made by specialists of single organ systems. So cardiologists, and respiratory physicians, and endocrinologists. None of this information would have been available in a paper world because it would take us three hours just to get the medical record out of the store. And through that review, they can see that this patient has been in many, many times for really what is end stage disease. They've seen that there have been some early discussions about possible end-of-life care management. But nobody's really made a definitive statement. And they checked with the GP, the patient hasn't brought in an advanced care directive and there isn't anything on record in the systems. So, the general upshot is the recommendation of the specialist, have a discussion with the family of the patient, because the patient's really too sick to participate in this, about offering comfort care. Because curative care is unlikely to offer any benefit. This is not a curable disease. And the GP says, well, actually, that's what I wanted to do but I just didn't feel comfortable doing that. So, he says, but what do I need to say and what do I need to do? The specialist decides to very much support this and has some conversations with the GP. He offers the service of offering a remote video conference to talk directly to the patient with the GP. The GP actually feels so confident based on the discussions with the specialist that they said, this is not required actually, I’m very comfortable talking to the family. I don’t treat the patient, but I do actually treat her husband, and I know him quiet well, and I think we can manage this. Can I give you a call back if things don't go well? And they conducted that conversation. And that lady passed away peacefully with her own family around her in a community that loved her and knew her well. So, when you enable a remote specialist to assist the local generalist team in this way, two different things can happen. One, we may better choices about whether the patient should be transported or not, or if they need transporting. It's amazing how often, when you rely on the information, you have to err on the side of, we'll bring them here and we'll have a closer look. Whereas when you've got much more information at your disposal and you can actually see the quantum response of the patient to your care, it allows you to triage much better. And there are patients who won't bring to a central facility that could be 500 kilometers travel away unnecessarily. So that's the first thing. The second thing of course is that you can start all the advanced treatments early. It's amazing how much treatment is able to be delivered in these, what appear to be small sites. The treatments that matter in the first few hours of a condition are often quite simple treatments. And with appropriate support and over-the-phone advice, it's amazing how well the GPs and the nurses in these small sites can deliver excellent care. And what we've found with experience is that when you do this, the patients arrive in better condition, and not only that, they can be transferred with lower levels of support. [MUSIC]