So far in this course, we've discussed who the players are in global health diplomacy and how the agendas are set. Now we're going to turn to the financing of global health including who the big funders are, and how they spend their money? So how much money are we talking about? According to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD, it's estimated that in 2013, global health spending categorized as quote development assistance for health end quote, came to almost $23 billion. You heard that right $23 billion in one year. Besides how huge this number is, what's fascinating about it is how much this number has increased over the course of just one decade. Let's take a look at the funding trajectory. In 2002, funding for global health was only $4.4 billion annually. You can see that this rose steadily in every year of the decade, which is absolutely unprecedented growth. So what led to this growth? Well, it isn't necessarily health issues themselves that have driven this growth as you might think. Instead, much of the growth is due to global health diplomacy, specifically some of the initiatives we will be discussing over the course of the class. Such as the creation of multi lateral funds such as the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria, and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations. The introduction of new US government initiatives, such as the President Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, and the President's Malaria Initiative. And increase funding for polio eradication in women and children's health. When some of these new initiatives were introduced, there was concern that perhaps the funding for a new initiative would displace funding for earlier programs. But instead, what we see in these figures is that the overall available pie has grown to cover all areas. Another thing that is interesting about these large numbers is that they represent government related funding, and don't include philanthropic funding. The group that collects that data, The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was established many years ago to coordinate development assistance among nations. And it doesn't fully capture non-governmental funding to global health. So the true amount spent on global health is actually even larger. Now let's take a moment to review what we have learned so far. Now that you have that overview, let's talk about some of the biggest funders of global health.