This video will talk about some conclusion strategies. Now in general, your conclusions are usually less ornate affairs than your introduction. They simply have less to do than the introduction. So again, let's look at the functions of a conclusion. Now at minimum, your conclusion should reinforce the key themes and provide a clear ending. So recap and end, that's what you're doing. How might you structure this? Well, I'd say, first, restate that key issue. So, this could be a thesis statement. It might be just reinforcing the key theme. Remember in the introduction when we talked about naming the topic in the intro, so people know what you're talking about, I see this is sort of the opposite of that. Renaming your topic sort of kicks off the conclusion. So, there's usually a change in the pacing and people can start hearing the ending coming up. So we say, so today, what we talked about, blank. So then from there, renaming the topic, I like to review the key points. And I don't think this needs to be exhaustive, but we usually want one last attempt to help the audience remember the key takeaways. So if you're doing a conference talk, you don't necessarily need to hit every part of your talk. So, we started by talking about the review of relevant literature. You don't probably need to say that, we sat through your talk, but you might want a few sentences touching on the key findings. So remember, we did X, Y and Z. And in fact, in these review of key points, you can even state the review overtly. Something like if you remember only remember two things from my talk today, I hope they are [SOUND] to you. That's a review of your key points. And from there, I finally like to end with a clear conclusion. So when the goal is conveying information, I think the ending needs to have sort of a clear caper. And by caper, I mean, a discreet chunk of talk that serves no other purpose, but to conclude. And again, we look to balance, counterbalance that introduction. So if you started with a hook, then you can touch on it again in the conclusion. If people remember that opening hook and as you're winding down, you're using that same example. Well, you're queuing the audience into the fact that you're about to finish. Another option is sort of the next step. So this is that conclusion were you give the audience some type of next step after the talk, some type of homework to do. So you say stuff like after you leave here tonight, I want you to, whatever, the next thing that you want them to do and I think those two caper strategies can be combined quite well. So there was a TED Talk by a formerly paralyzed woman who talked about her recovery. Anyway, about a third of the way through the talk, she referenced this moment where a nurse connected all the patients in this recovery ward. She connected them all with drinking straws. And so, this was a pivotal moment in the speaker's recovery as an important moment in the speech. Well, that was about a third of a way through. About ten minutes later, the speaker ends by talking about how we, the audience are all connected by millions and millions of straws. I remember that. You said that earlier. So, this is a part of her call that she's asking her audience to focus less on the physical and more on the emotional. So then her last line is so raise your straw if you'll join me, which is some of the phrasing from that earlier story. So, it's a great capper. It references apart of the speech or part of the story. It asks for a emotional investment from the audience and it's a clear applause line. So when she says that, you know she's done. That line queues applause and I think queuing a pause is important. Now if you took the first course in the specialization, you might remember when we talked about conclusions. We talked about the performance of the conclusion. So in the conclusion, you should be able to telegraph your ending through pacing and tone. Now in English, that means you deliver your last line With more pauses between the words, more noticeably, more deliberately dropping tone at the end. That's what a last line sounds like. So even if you have to transition to the next speaker or if you move in to a question and answer period, I still think you should noticeably conclude your talk. Provide that book end, then you can shift to the next item on the docket. So you might be something like, here's your last line. So as public educators at a public institution, we need to commit ourselves wholeheartedly to transparency and accountability for the public. So now, I think we have a few minutes for question and answer. So you're providing a break between that was the end of my speech, now we're moving onto the next chunk. So in the conclusion, most of the heavy lifting is done. The speech is over. This is the time to reinforce your ideas and signal the conclusion to that audience. [MUSIC]