Let's find out a little bit about Spenser's background. Killian, you specialize in earlier literature, so what can you tell us about Spenser? >> Edmund Spenser, born around 1552 in London, to parents of fairly modest means and social standing. But he has an excellent education. He goes on to graduate from Cambridge. And while he's at Cambridge, he becomes really, really interested in, not only writing poetry, but becoming the preeminent English poet of his age. After Cambridge, he becomes personal secretary and aide to the Earl of Leicester. So, he begins moving into aristocratic circles. And the following year, 1580, he goes to Ireland as secretary and aide to Lord Grey of Wilton, who was the Lord Deputy of Ireland. Now anyone who knows anything about this period in Irish history will know this was an incredibly violent time. A time of extreme upheaval in Ireland and in English and Irish relations, and Spenser witnesses a lot of this first hand. And in 1590, as Professor Clayton has told us, he goes back to England with the help of Sir Walter Raleigh, publishes the first three books of The Faerie Queene, excuse me, in a bid to sort of earn patronage from Queen Elizabeth, and I know that Deanne is going to tell us a little more about that. And just to wrap things up, after a major uprising in Munster, which is a part of Ireland where Spenser was living in 1598, he returns to England in 1599, dies, and is now buried in Westminster Abbey next to his beloved Chaucer. There you have it. >> Thank you, that's just how an oral report might be done. Very well done. Thank you so much. So he saw a lot of battle first hand. >> Right. >> He managed, even though from being fairly humble background, to move into court circles. >> Yeah, absolutely, I mean really sort of reach the upper echelons of that society. >> Yeah, that's an amazing feat, and he did it basically via poetry. That poetry was his ticket to the highest realms of the English Court. That's pretty startling. You see the kind of reverence that educated poetry, learned poetry could evoke in those. See, in fact, the Queen gave him a pension for life. An annual, what was it, was it 50 pounds? >> 50 pounds a year. >> 50 pounds a year, which was an astronomical sum. I mean he ended up with a vast estate, 3,000 acres in Ireland. He was pretty active in the imperial project in Ireland, and when they had some unrest there, they got them, their own back. Do you remember, you happen to know what happened to his estate? >> Absolutely, so yeah, I mentioned very briefly before, in 1598 there was an uprising in Munster, which is the sort of southernmost province in Ireland, and a group of rebels burned Spenser's estate to the ground. >> Burned it to the ground? >> That's right, and sent him packing to England. >> You're from Ireland? >> I'm from Munster, in fact. >> Munster. No way. >> Yeah. >> So did people celebrate Spenser in Munster? >> No, we got a bit of distance, but I think the wounds are still open. [LAUGH] >> God, maybe, maybe. Yeah, okay, so all right. He wrote this poem and dedicated it to Queen Elizabeth. What was he angling for with that? >> The 50 pounds a year. [LAUGH] This was the goal of the patronage system, whereby writers would write works to wealthy aristocratic persons, often royals, in hopes that they would receive payment, whether regular payment or sort of a one-time payment. But it's obvious that Spenser's poem is not only dedicated to Queen Elizabeth in a dedicatory frontispiece or title page, but also from the poetry itself, which as you were saying, is very flattering in every proem at the beginning of the books to the queen. >> Yeah well, in fact, all of the knights are out on quests to win glory for Queen Gloriana, who is modeled on, incarnates, Queen Elizabeth, in all her virtues, and actually, Spenser was a little daring here, some of her faults as perceived at the time. I mean he just didn't entirely gloss those over, but it goes further than that. Not only is Gloriana, who never actually appears in the poem because she is at the court of the fairy queen and all the knight-errants are out on their quest to gain glory for her. So we never see her. But she's mentioned and talked about in every book. Each of the heroes of the six books is supposed to incarnate one aspect of Queen Elizabeth's queenly virtue and being. So, the entire poem is wrapped up in this structure of praise. That's our introduction to Spenser. For the next video, we're going to talk about the first 19 stanzas of this canto. [MUSIC]