In the last module we saw how the definition of creativity has evolved over history the study of creativity has been a multidisciplinary endeavor, from psychology to computer science. The research insights are applied to many different subjects, from business strategy to education to development of AI. Today researchers are coalescing around a definition where creativity is something that is both new and useful and there are varying degree of characteristic that associated with creativity such as surprise, high quality novelty, aesthetics and authenticity. Now they're still very vague and covers a lot of topics and this is quite common in academia when researchers trying to define a popular concept so, instead of trying to narrow it down creativity to one definition, researchers focused on different aspects of creativity. One way to organize our research and knowledge is using four Ps model where the Ps stands for person, product, process and press. In person the main question is what type of person is creative? Here the studies examined how attributes like a person's knowledge, personality traits or motivations and cultural background can contribute to the creativity. Second in product researcher asked what is considered to be creative? Here they look at what types of artifacts and ideas are perceived as created as well as their implications. Third in process, researchers ask, how do people create? This research group examined the means of which the creative products are made this can include cognitive process like problem constructions, idea generations or idea evaluation. It may also include embodied processes such as product development and corporate R and D and innovation Department. Lastly in press, the main research question is how does an environment shaped creativity? This can examine everything from a physical environment, to cultural norm, to social network that influence once created capacity so, this is one way to organize existing research and our own endeavors when we're trying to better understand what our peers and society considers something creative. Another concept you like to familiarize yourself is little C versus Big C, little C means everyday creativity this concept builds from the premise that everyone is creative and this creativity is what pushes the boundaries of a person as a person pursues something new, useful, novel and surprising. For example, this year I've gotten really into making espresso at home I've read books, blogs, videos and talked with baristas and learn about as much as possible. I invested in the machine that I felt comfortable with and began pulling shots at home, for me learning about espresso from the right pressure to the grind size beans over waters and producing a consistent shot all these things, is that something that pushed the boundary of my coffee making ability? On the other hand, Big C is eminent creativity, something that has an impact on a larger society in the industry it often involves the peers and experts who can recognize this novelty. So, going back to the homemade espresso example, let's say that after many, many trials in an experiment, I developed a new method of creating an espresso shot and this method is not only more economical in terms of costs and equipment, but also produces a really good, complex tasting shot. How can I share these methods? one way is opening my own coffee stance, another is sending the story to the editors who can vet whether this breakthrough is legitimate and having it published in a coffee publications, or maybe I can film and share in the social media, where many different experts can agree that this is a noble method and share the methodology with others. And many people around the world end up adopting this new method this potential breakthrough, if it's a big C, impacts both coffee industry and also the lives of wider society so, those are some of the frameworks, in key terms that may help researchers to better understand the idea of creativity.
